Ok just stolen some notes from Jasmine's blog. I just wondered, why do I have friends that have similar names like Jazz ( BJ ), Jesslyn ( LPP), Jasmine ( Don't know her chinese name ). It's really going to be hard calling their nicknames like "Jazz", "Jess" and "Jas". Ok this is really ridiculous. Nevermind about that particular topic.

Here's something I stole from " Jasmine's " blog. And by the way I don't just steal any particular information from some TomDickHarry, in fact I steal quality bullcrap which by the way is from Wikipedia.

What Kensei learned.

The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction occurs during a chemical titration when the amount of titrant added is equivalent, or equal, to the amount of analyte present in the sample.

Different methods to determine the equivalence point include:

pH indicator
This is a substance that changes colour in response to a chemical change. An acid-base indicator (e.g., phenolphthalein) changes colour depending on the pH. Redox indicators are also frequently used. A drop of indicator solution is added to the titration at the start; when the colour changes the endpoint has been reached, this is an approximation of the equivalence point.

pH meter
This is a potentiometer which uses an electrode whose potential depends on the amount of H+ ion present in the solution. (This is an example of an ion selective electrode. This allows the pH of the solution to be measured throughout the titration. At the equivalence point there will be a sudden change in the measured pH. It can be more accurate than the indicator method, and is very easily automated.

Color change
In some reactions, the solution changes colour without any added indicator. This is often seen in redox titrations, for instance, when the different oxidation states of the product and reactant produce different colours.

Precipitation
If the reaction forms a solid, then a precipitate will form during the titration. A classic example is the reaction between Ag+ and Cl- to form the very insoluble salt AgCl. Surprisingly, this usually makes it difficult to determine the endpoint precisely. As a result, precipitation titrations often have to be done as back titrations.

Wikipedia is really a pal when it comes to educational stuff which I include in news as well, do not underestimated the power of Wikipedia it will someday save your life like it did for mine which is particularly today. As compared to other people's blogs in 09s2 my blog is not that educational ot helpful to you my fellow classmate so feel free to comment me on the way I present my daily chemistry studies.